The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay -- The Crucible Salem Witchtrials

The Crucible by Arthur Miller The Crucible is an anecdotal retelling of occasions in American history encompassing the Salem witch preliminaries of the seventeenth century, yet is as much a result of the time in which Arthur Miller composed it, the mid 1950s, as it is depiction of Puritan culture. At that specific time during the 1950s, when Arthur Miller composed the play the American Senator McCarthy who led the ‘House Un-American Exercises Committee’ was extremely aware of socialism and dreaded its impact in America. It halted authors’ works being distributed in dread of them being communist supporters. Mill operator was intrigued by the Salem Witch Trials and that individuals were able to do such frenzy. During the 1950s the crowd would have considered the to be as an equal between the McCarthy preliminaries and the Salem Preliminaries. A 21st century crowd would take a gander at the play from the point of view of unnecessary delirium and allegations and would be astonished that human instinct when placed into these circumstances responds the way it does in the play. In present day time we can value the play without being worried about the equals of McCarthyism. In spite of the fact that my chose scene is just seventy five percent route through the play it is decisive in the manner that it shows the capacity of the court to acknowledge the judgments of individuals searching for retribution and the girls’ lies all through the preliminaries. The chronicled foundation to the play, albeit very old still identifies with human life and conduct. It shows the readiness of human creatures to accuse anybody however themselves. It authorizes the conviction that people are not prepared to assume liability for their activities and would prefer to discover a substitute than be noble. The key scene I... ...ready to do to get her way. Just the young ladies, Mary and Proctor know how much Abigail can control a circumstance in support of herself just as individuals. In any event, when she claims for help from Danforth they keep on resounding her. For example Mary: â€Å"Mr. Danforth!† Abigail and the young ladies: â€Å"Mr. Danforth!† This might be on the grounds that Abigail doesn't need Mary to come clean with Danforth and Abigail’s plot. This along these lines forestalls Danforth from getting some answers concerning Abigail and her control of different young ladies. Mary needs to demonstrate incredible self control to restrict Abigail; for example â€Å"I have no power.† In the stage bearings it shows Mary bringing all her assurance from inside to face Abigail. In this scene we can perceive how incredible Miller’s characters can be. Our early introduction of Abigail is exact in light of the fact that she is obviously equipped for sending individuals to death to spare herself.

Graduation Day free essay sample

hen I am approached to recall any exceptional event that stuck in my brain and I recollect it constantly. The primary thing that gets into my psyche is my secondary school graduation celebration. It was extraordinary night, it might drift us a great deal of cash, however it was fulfilled for some different reasons. It was in Jeddah Continual the standard theater, in the second of February. We snickered a great deal however we cried the most. Following multi year, a large number of us stood by energetically for this second to respect and trust that their turn will go onto the phase to get their trinkets. At the point when it was our chance to turn up on the stage me and my class, we were all exceptionally cheerful. My companion was the class screen she demands all the educators to ensure the trinkets were providing for the right understudy. I was the last one who got the trinket from my educator, Miss Rehab. We will compose a custom exposition test on Graduation Day or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Class screens were to introduce a bundle from the class to their educators. My companion indicate me to held it up for her. I hold the bundle with both my hands and moved to her. We shook our hands and embraced marginally. I was very timid around then since I actually have consistently appreciated her. From that point forward, the class orchestrated themselves to turn up on the stage and yelled â€Å"we love you Miss Rehab†, before everybody returned to their seats, I wasn’t mindful that our class would accomplish something like this in light of the fact that different classes didn't do this to their instructors. It was unbalanced for a second yet I was happy that we were unique

A Complete Guide on How to Start a Scholarship Essay

A Complete Guide on How to Start a Scholarship Essay Although beginning to write a scholarship essay may be a hard task, it will be easier if you take several important aspects into account. To create a compelling scholarship essay, you have to know your potential audience, make a list of your achievements, know why you are original personality and make notes about your purposes. This article will be your writing scholarship essay guide and provide tips to start your scholarship essay. Follow the instructions The first thing you should know about how to start a scholarship essay, is that you should carefully follow the instructions of the question in the application. Often the instructions can help to understand the question better. It is important because not following them may create a wrong impression about you, telling the committee that you are not able to do what you are asked to. Learn about the potential audience When you are preparing to write a scholarship essay, think of who will be your audience. What mission does the company want to complete? Does the studentship have a particular objective? Learning about the purposes and values of the company will provide you with the possibility to make a good paper. Consider if you are a suitable candidature for the scholarship and will the company fulfill its goal if they award you. If the answer is no, then you should probably search for a studentship that corresponds your skills and purposes. Besides, you must have a full understanding of the directions on the studentship application. Make a list of achievements Concerning scholarship essay introduction writing it should be mentioned that there must be a list of achievements in the introduction. It may seem a little uncomfortable but emphasizing your achievements in the paper is important. Even if you were taught not to boast, in this case it can work. The committee who decides who will get the studentship is likely to give it to the person who deserves it in their opinion, so you should persuade them that you are definitely the one who deserves it. Consider the jobs and projects you have participated in and the awards you have got. Although there is no need to write about everything, creating a list will be a good start for the paper. Try to stand out Once you have made a list of achievements, think of why you are an original personality. It may become the hardest point of beginning an essay but it is the most significant one. It is important to show that you stand out of all other people who want to get this studentship. Look through the list of achievements you have made and think which one makes you proud most. You may also consider the difficulty you faced and the way you overcame it. Remember that every person has uniqueness in him, and if you know yours you will get more chances to have the scholarship. Consider your objectives The committee that decides who will get the studentship apparently wants to know that the person will spend it properly. This means that you must state your objectives clearly to persuade the committee to help you. Tell about the reasons why you wish to attend a particular college. What knowledge do you want to get while studying there? Think of your objectives concerning your future job and how this educational institution can help you to fulfill them. Tell how your purposes correspond to the mission of the company. These aspects will help you to create a compelling work and will get you closer to winning a studentship. The last important thing you should remember before you start writing a studentship essay, it should be honest and sincere.

Survey On Keyword Search Of Relational Databases Essay

SURVEY ON KEYWORD SEARCH IN RELATIONAL DATABASES Chavan Aparna R1, Bangar S2 1 M. Tech Scholar, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT), Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT), Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India Abstract Keyword search is the most effective information discovery method in documents. The large volume of data is stored in databases. Plain text coexists with structured data, unstructured data for this type of data efficient processing of top-k queries is a crucial requirement. This paper describes fundamental characteristics including relational database, top-k queries, steiner trees. Recently, Tuple units are used to improve the keyword search by joining the multiple related tuple units and indexes are used for structural relationships. In this paper various existing techniques for developing search system are compared. This survey also describes the Ranking. Ranking queries are dominant in many emerging applications for finding top-k answers. The research strategy used to resolve is top-k query processing. Key Words: Keyword Search, Top-k Query Processing, Relational Databases, Tuple Units. --------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction Data mining is the process that attempts to discover patternsShow MoreRelatedThe Issues On Multimedia Mining2951 Words   |  12 PagesThese data are stored in multimedia database, multimedia mining which is used to find information from large multimedia database system, using multimedia techniques and powerful tools. This paper analyzes aboutthe use of essential characteristics of multimedia data mining, retrieving information is one of the goals of data mining and different issues have been discussed. 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Chameleon Research Paper Free Essays

Chameleon By: Taylor Ladd Classification: Phylum- Chordata, Class- Reptilia, Order- Squamata, Family- Chamaeleonidae, Genus- Chamaeleo, Species- Chameleon. Physical Description: The Chameleon is a colorful reptile with a tail and tongue the size of its body. Their body is covered in scales that can change color to blend in with its surroundings so it makes it an amazing creature. We will write a custom essay sample on Chameleon Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has eyes that can rotate around so they can see behind them. Evolutionary Adaptations- The most amazing adaption that the Chameleon has is that they can change their color pigments to blend in with their surroundings to keep hidden from predators and prey. Chameleon’s have super long tongues so that they can extend them and slurp up their prey. They also have eyes that rotate around so they can see 360 degrees around them at all times to help them keep track of predators and prey. Life History: Life Span- 5 to 9 years varies by the species. Range/distribution- Half the world’s population of Chameleon’s is in Madagascar an island off the east coast of Africa. There are also Chameleon’s found in Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Southern Spain, and India. Reproduction- Chameleon’s have internal fertilization, some species have live births others also lay eggs. Diet- Most Chameleon’s eat small insects. Some have been reported to have eaten wild berries and vegetable matter. Larger Chameleon’s will eat small birds, reptiles, and mammals. Habitat- Chameleon’s are mostly found in rainforest. They like to perch in trees and wait for prey to walk by. Defense Mechanisms- The Chameleon has one of the most rare defense mechanisms of all creatures, they can change color pigments to blend in with their surrounding so that they can slip by predators in stealth. They have eyes that can rotate around 360 degrees and see two things at once. Interesting Facts- When a male Chameleon find a female he wants to mate with he puts on a color show of all his best colors and if the female is turned on she will run and they will play chase then mate. If the female is not turned on by the color show she will stand her ground and sometimes even fight the male. One rare this about this reptile is that some of its species have live birth and others have eggs which is pretty amazing. Chameleon By: Taylor Ladd How to cite Chameleon Research Paper, Essays

Raleigh Rosse Case Study free essay sample

Considering that luxury retailers unusually discounted prices and could also access the same luxury goods brands, RR used the costumer’s experience and his relationship with the company as a competitive differentiator. Since the main goal of the company was to satisfy its consumers providing better services, we can identify the RR pivotal strategic positions, i. e. those which have the potential to lead to high incremental results for the strategy and value of the company1, as the sales associates, that are the employees who worked on the sales floor, who therefore have more contact with costumers. In order to gain competitive advantage and achieve its goals, RR store managers were in charge of hiring, training, and continually motivating these sales employees. Since the key factor of advantage was costumer relationship, RR afforded to offer to their sales association a salary substantially higher than the one offered by their competitors. The salary could also increase due to an employee performance improvement. The sales associates’ performance was measured by weekly sales, and the performance of store managers was based on eleven measures including weekly store revenues and customer satisfaction. So, we can conclude that the company adapted different metrics to different employees. During this period we can also refer that the career prospects for the ordinary employees were not very optimist, since we face a family company in which the promotion opportunities were very limited to family members. The fact that the career prospects were not very appellative could be an important characteristic to not attract and retain potential talents. In the early 1990’s the CEO Brian Rosse recognized that RR required a more formal Human Resource policy to result in more scalable measures. Due to this problem, he and the HR Director (his cousin), developed and implemented the â€Å"RR Ownership Culture†. The main objective of this program was to make sure that the new employees’ values were aligned with the company’s values, i. e. committed employees to serve in the best way the RR costumers by creating a more entrepreneurial and accountable environment. It is interesting that in the last case we studied, the GE’s CEO Jack Welch implemented, as well, a matrix in which not only the performance was valued, but also the commitment with the company’s values. In GE the matrix was well established, what will not happen in this case. Moreover, one of the main aspects of the â€Å"Ownership Culture† program was to maintain the policy of filling the upper level position by intrafirm inflow2, i. e. promoting employees within the company. However, due to the expansion strategy, RR now promotes opportunities to non-family members. The company also changed the sales associates hiring profile, basing it on biographical data3, by requiring recent college graduates with a strong work ethic. It is also important to refer that for sales associates positions, the company continued with its interfirm inflow4 policy, i. . allocate employees in these positions that did not work previously in the company. Another policy implemented by this model was the higher economic rewards for top sales associates. The company only motivates its employees by giving economic benefits, which could not be the best way to do it. The last two initiatives and policies implemented reinforced the empowerment of store managers, giving them the authority to manage their stores the way they want, including their sales associates. As we will discuss further these policies will lead to several problems within RR. In order to establish the â€Å"Ownership Culture†, Brian Rosse also invented and developed a performance appraisal for which he gave the name of Sales-Per-Hour (SPH). We can define performance appraisal as the process through which an organization gets information on how well an employee is doing his job5. This new system homogenized the metric of measure for sales associates and store managers. In our opinion, this was a negative strategy since different levels of employees have different means to contribute to the company’s value, therefore different types of employees demand different metrics of performance measure6. Collings, D. Mellahi, K. (2009). Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 19 (4): 304-313 2 Madsen, T. , Mosakowsi, E. , Zaheer, S. (2003). Knowledge Retention and Personnel Mobility: The Nondisruptive Effects of Inflows of Experience. Organization Science, 14 (2): 173-191 3 Noe, R. , Hollenbeck, J. , Gerhart, B. Wright, P. (2008). Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage. McGraw-Hill. 4 Madsen, T. , Mosakowsi, E. , Zaheer, S. (2003). Knowledge Retention and Personnel Mobility: The Nondisruptive Effects of Inflows of Experience. Organization Science, 14 (2): 173-191 5 Noe, R. , Hollenbeck, J. , Gerhart, B. Wright, P. (2008). Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage. McGraw-Hill. 6 Deanne N. den Hartog, Paul Boselie and Jaap Paauwe (2004). Performance Management: A Model and Research Agenda. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 2004, 53 (4), 556-569 1 Group 2 Human Resources Management The target SPH was based on each employee hourly wage and department, thus, each employee had different targets. However, according to Management by Objectives (MBO) programs, the company should involve the staff in setting the goals for which the workers are evaluated7, which does not happen in this case. Therefore the company could not establish realistic and achievable targets. To better understand the quality of the SPH program, we did an analysis based on the connections of a MBO that we learned in the article Performance Appraisal, Performance Management and Improving Individual Performance: A Motivational Framework. In the first connection, which is action-to-result, we can detect several problems. The sales associates seek for more sales, but at the same time they must provide all the customer service that RR demand. So during the period that associates are doing customer service, they are accumulating more hours and none sale to their SPH. This could lead to a quicker and worst customer service in return to more sales. Another problem in this connection was the empowerment that store managers had for reallocate and schedule the time periods for each sales associate, which gave no power or flexibility to the sales associates. In order to maximize this link, the company should provide feedback to its employees. Store managers would monthly provide a publicly review of the sales associates’ SPH performance versus its target. Under these circumstances RR did provide feedback but in our opinion not in the best way, because it should be provided individually and not publicly. The second connection is results-to-evaluation, where the company should provide a clear definition of the job and the relevant results that would be evaluated. This is exactly what did not occurred in RR, in which employees complained for not having a straight distinction between â€Å"selling time† and â€Å"non-selling time†, to calculate the SPH. We can also refer that the SPH targets could not be under the control of the employees because it was the store managers who chose the work schedule of sales associates. Therefore a sales associate who works on peak hours will probably sell more than one who works on off-peak hours. This could lead to the problem of self-fulfillment prophecy, i. . if a store manager believes that one associate is good he will put him working on peak hours and consequently this employee will sell really well and be considered an excellent associate. The third connection is evaluation-tooutcome, which in this case was constant over time in result of the fact that RR used always the SPH. The last connection is outcome-to-need satisfaction, in which we can enhance the fact that sometimes the outcome wa s not consistent with an employee current need state. This could lead to a sale associate perceiving his allocation as unfair and then resulting in the following problem8 that combine the first connection as well: â€Å"†¦if participants do not perceived the system to be fair, the feedback to be accurate, or the sources to be credible then they are more likely to ignore and not use the feedback they receive† (Levy and Williams, 2004, p. 897). In result of our analysis we could conclude that the SPH model is not efficient and fair, so as expected the model brings several problems to RR. The work environment was really cumbersome, with frequent sales contest between associates, leading associates to steal credits from each other. However, since the customers are satisfied, the company does not care about this intense work environment. The model also incentives employees to manipulate the system by logging in only in the best hours, and by working extra hours that would not be recorded. This last problem ended up in two investigations, which resulted in two lawsuits against the company as well. Another important aspect of RR is that during the years, the company was only concerned with its customers and did not pay any kind of attention to employees’ issues and complaints. Therefore the RR’s human resource policy resulted in rewarding the â€Å"smarter† employees and not the more committed, which led, as we saw in the last years, to a decrease of the company’s performance. Thus, we can conclude that the employees’ evaluations and outputs are not placed in the correct way so that employees will not focus their efforts in ways that will lead to the desired level of performance improvement 9. In sum, the group concluded that the Human Resources strategy was not aligned with the company overall strategy and the performance management was not aligned with the company goals. Therefore RR should listen to Bill Schwartz and change the company’s Ownership Culture, by developing a Performance management in order to ensure that employees’ activities and outputs are congruent with the company’s goals10. 7 Angelo S. DeNisi and Robert D. Pritchard (2006). Performance Appraisal, Performance Management and Improving Individual Performance: A Motivational Framework.

Sports And Aggressive Behavior Essay Paper Example For Students

Sports And Aggressive Behavior Essay Paper Sport and aggressive behavior, Do sports create aggressive behavior, or simply attract people who are already aggressive? Aggression and sport have gone together as long as sports have been around, be it the players themselves, to the parents, coaches, or spectators, they just seem to be an inseparable part of each other. The term violence is defined as physical assault based on total disregard for the well being of self and others, or the intent to injure another person ( 2. Coakley). Intimidation usually does not cause physical harm, but often is designed to produce psychological consequences, enabling one person to physically over power or dominate another. These statements as defined by the author, Jay J. Coakley, is what people today have made a must part on sport. Pleasure and participation sports absolutely cannot be grouped with power and performance sports when in relation to aggression.Pleasure sports are simply played for pleasure. We will write a custom essay on Sports And Aggressive Behavior Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Score is usually not kept. The athletes participating are usually on occasion doing it for fun and exercise. A majority of athletes who have been playing sports since they were little, have probably been pounded into their heads that to be successful in sport, you need to be aggressive, and at some times, unnecessary. Also that to get what you want, you have to go at it with all force. Not that this is wrong but, this attitude in today’s society has been a major problem factor to the athletes when they get older, to get into trouble with the law. Those long-term effects of so called discipline, patterns develops these destructive behaviors. (9. Montague) Although some people are still in belief that aggressive behaviors in all forms, are grounded into instincts, but they also relate these actions to sports. Their parents played, who were known for their aggressive behavior, so the child feels that they have to live up to that expectation.( 6. Storr) Athletes do have to be agg ressive to a point, so that the team can form a strategy to win. There is also a limit to aggression when it turns into violence. People might say that it’s not aggression or violence, it’s just adrenaline pumping. Adrenaline isn’t even similar to violence. Aggression, maybe, but nothing that would be harmful to anyone else. This might be a factor to why contact sports are so popular. For example, football, hockey, rugby, wrestling, and boxing. Contrary to predictions of instinct theory, several studies show that contact sports exist and thrive in the same societies that have high rates of aggression and violence. Unfortunately, another belief is that contact sports teach discipline, self-respect, and self-defense. (8. May ) Contact sports aren’t a positive way to teach these things. Being physically tough helps, but it also needs to be left on the field when the game is over. This can also lead to the abuse of family, girlfriends, boyfriends, friends, an d any other person who gets in their â€Å"way†, because athletes use these sports as a way to get their aggression and angers out. ( 10. Hauser, Powers, Noam ) Other’s might argue that it’s skill, and not in the least way violent. Although we really can’t give a straight and to the point answer to the question â€Å"Is aggression an Instinct?† We can say that in man, as in other animals, there exists a physiological mechanism, when stimulated, it rises both subjective feelings of anger and to physical changes, which relate to fighting. This is easily set off, and like other emotional responses, it is very stereotyped, and instinctive. Just like one person is like a very angry person; they resemble one another at the psychological level. The way in which humans adapt to and control their feelings of rage. ( 5. Toch) The mechanisms in which these body changes, the functions that come about is still completely misunderstood. ( 5. Toch) Experiments fr om animal’s show that it appears that there is a small area from the base of the brain in which the feeling of anger starts. This, from which is sent to the nervous impulses that cause the blood pressure to rise. This area is called the hypothalamus. Its function is to coordinate responses like anger. ( 3 Diamond) The relationship between anger, rage, and violence, and psychopathology that is abnormal, or unnatural in human behavior and experience. People demonstrate their anger reactions in different ways. Similar to most human behavior, violence has a meaning that it only seems â€Å"senseless† or â€Å"meaningless† to the extent that we are unable to understand it. Most violence starts the fiery human emotions of anger and rage. Not all violent behavior has its origins in anger and rage; some of it is learned, as mentioned before. Some violence is driven primarily by as Friedrich Nietzsche referred as â€Å"the will to power†. In other words, rage. ( 3 . Diamond) Rage is an instinctual and defensive reaction to severe stress, or physical threat. This is an automatic reflex that people share with animals. This response to serious threat is referred to by Walter Cannon as the â€Å"fight or flight† response. It’s the first defense for the survival of the species. Any other threat to the continued physical existence, a person would have the instinct to try to leave, or if they can’t, then physically defend them by attacking the source of the threat. ( 7 . Hawkins, Fredman ) Relating to the fact that men are more aggressive than women are, studies shown in several cases those testosterone levels in young men especially are. The high levels of endogenous testosterone seem to encourage behavior apparently intended to dominate, to enhance one’s status over other people. ( 9. .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf , .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf .postImageUrl , .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf , .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf:hover , .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf:visited , .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf:active { border:0!important; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf:active , .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a12f75c6a0f3bcb12e014436ad84edf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genetics Research Essay Montague) Sometimes aggressive behavior is aggressive, it’s apparent intent being to inflict harm on another person, but often dominance is expressed nonaggressively. Measurement of testosterone at a single point in time presumably indicator of a man’s basal testosterone level, predicts many of these dominant behaviors. Numerous animal experiments, this one particular to rodents, show that raising testosterone increases aggressiveness. This is in relation to the dominance and antisocial behavior related to the individuals. An individual can be said to act dominantly if it’s apparent intent is to achieve or maintain high status, to obtain power influence, or valued prerogatives. Rodents do typically dominate aggressively, but it isn’t true of humans. Much of interpersonal behavior is overtly or subtly concerned with managing dominance and subordination without causing physical harm. It is harder to identify instances of aggression of a dominating motives, things related to religious sacrifices. It is understood that motivations are different from different situations for dominance and aggression. ( 1. Felson, Tedeschi) Clinical science assumes that all men are capable of bloody destructiveness. It maintains that image with most people who do away with their hatreds and, and although There are some instances where this effort fails. Some people are so shy about their aggressiveness that when they are provoked in the least little way, they become so violent that they are unbearable. Even a slight review of violent conduct suggests that violence isn’t blind, and random. Members of fighting gangs are frequently nonviolent when separated from their members. Many extremely dangerous people seem to specialize in certain areas of victims. This is in relation to taking the aggressiveness off the field. There is sometimes a relationship between being violent and being socially improper. Violence usually takes place in certain circles, certain settings, and on certain occasions. If violence is really blind and random, it’s hard to understand why we should find so much in specific situations. Does a man assault his wife rather than the athlete who messed up simply because she’s available? Violence can’t be associated with angry explosions. There is shape and form to violence. Patterns of destructiveness show consistently, and they relay from person to person. As for each of us, violence seems to be tied to a restricted range of life situations. It seems to reflect purpose, and implies the presence of hidden meanings. So, how do we satis fy it? How is it provoked? How do violent people function? (4. Stepansky) The level of testosterone circulating in the bloodstream may affect dominating or aggressive behavior by activating receptors in organs or the nervous system. Focusing on young males who have passed through puberty. There are associated reports that show a relatively high level of testosterone with dominant, aggressive, or antisocial actors including several studies of men in jail. The scientists found that no significant testosterone difference between those who fought in prison, and those who did not, between the ages of 18 to 35. However, prisoners with a prior record of violence and aggression related crimes, they had a significantly higher testosterone level than those without a history. In the age group of 18to 45, sorted into the same groups, those with chronic aggressive behavior, those socially dominant without physical aggressiveness, and those who were neither aggressive or dominant, their testosterone levels were not significantly different between the aggressive and dominant groups, but they also had significantly higher testosterone than the group that was either aggressive or dominant. (7. Hawkins, Fredman) A similar study was tested on college hockey players. ( 1. Felson , Tedeschi) They studied 14 male college players ages 18 to 23, and found a significant correlation between testosterone and coach ratings of player’s aggressiveness in respond to threat. Another study was done on four male physicians. Ranging from ages to 23 to 38, they were confined on a boat for a two week holidaycruise. The testosterone level to be correlated with the physician’s assertiveness and dominant behavior, as ranked by three women on the boat. Overall, there is considerable evidence from a variety of settings that in men, circulating testosterone is correlated with dominant or aggressive behavior, and antisocial norm breaking. Correlation doesn’t imply any reason, and the question is still being pondered, â€Å"Is high testosterone a cause of dominant and antisocial behavior?† ( 9. Montague) There has also been argument whether or not that women can be as aggressive and dominant as men. Despite considerable speculation that testosterone is associated with aggression or status in women, the literature is few and far between. Scientists report that testosterone levels in 55 women increased the status of their occupations. .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 , .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 .postImageUrl , .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 , .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75:hover , .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75:visited , .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75:active { border:0!important; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75:active , .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75 .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc6bb8949afd2c6d79953611ef4ab9a75:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Gentrification Theory: Ruth Glass Essay Another study was done with women who were patients in a neurological clinic, found significantly higher testosterone levels among relatively aggressive patients compared to less aggressive ones, but they also differed in diagnois, and making the comparison suspect. ( 5. Toch) The issue of sex differences has been addressed by asking how men and women respond to an identical competitive situation. Testosterone was given by saliva to young men and women before, during, and after competing with a same sex partner in a video game. The hormonal response to the competition was different in each sex. Males showed the usual pre contest rise in testosterone, but females did not. Males did not show the usual result that testosterone levels of winners is higher than that of losers, apparently because the video game produced no mood difference between male winners and losers. A mood difference was produced between female winners and losers, but the female showed no specific response to the competition. These results show that the outcome of the competition on testosterone specific to men. (7. Hawkins, Fredman) From laboratory results and athletic studies, the testosterone level rises in men awaiting a contest, regardless of the eventual outcome contest. Generalizing to the street, hormone levels should be elevated in young men who are constantly against assaults on their reputations. Of course, testosterone level is also affected by the outcome of the contest, so persistent losers might be hormonally depressed, but most men, those with mixed outcome or better, should have elevated testosterone level. ( 3. Diamond) Leaving behind the historic roots of the South, there may be a general hypersensitivity to insult in any subculture that is, or once was organized around young men who are constantly constrained by traditional community agents of social control, as after occurs in frontier countries, gangs, among bohemians, and after social breakdown or natural diseases. When young men place special emphasis on protecting their images and reputations, and they are not restrained from doing so, dominance contests become necessary, the hallmark of male to male interaction. ( 5. Toch) To interpret racial differences in testosterone, a compar ison of black and white boys ages 6 to 18 years, mostly preteens, showed no significant race different in testosterone. By adulthood, black males do have significantly higher testosterone levels than white males, possibly reflecting the higher defensive demands on black men during adulthood. ( 10. Hauser, Powers, Noam) The reciprocal linkage between hormones and behavior suggests that if testosterone levels among young men in the inner city are highlighted by their constant defensive posture against challenge and these high hormone levels in turn encourage further dominance contests. Feedback between challenge and testosterone may create a various circle, sometimes with lethal effects.(7. Hawkins, Fredman) During puberty, the effects of testosterone on behavior appear to work primarily through long term reorganizations of the body and neurohormanal system, and only secondary through short term activation. By the end of puberty, usually around 16 years, the body is nearly at itâ€⠄¢s adult form so behavior is affected primarily by the level of testosterone circulating in the blood stream, which can activate steroid receptors. (10. Hauser, Powers, Noam) There is a string correlation and experimental evidence that testosterone levels respond in predictable ways both before and after competitions for status. First, testosterone rises shortly before a competitive event, as if anticipating the challenge. Second, after the conclusion of competition, testosterone levels in winners rises relative to that of losers. Testosterone also rises after status evaluations, and it falls after status demotions, These effects require the presence of appropriate mood changes. Limited evidence suggests that this pattern of testosterone responses is specific to men. ( 4. Stepansky) As these studies have suggested, aggression in sport is there, but the men mainly showcase it. Aggressive people are attracted to contact violent sport competitions, to where they can fit in while being violent. On the other hand, sports can create aggressive behaviors that could lead to worse things. Women can and will showcase this, but as said before, men show a stronger case of it. Things of this nature have been going on for centuries, every since the beginning of sport, unfortunately, if these behaviors aren’t controlled, the young children might be the ones to suffer by an outcome that nobody wants to see, doing away with sports in general. 1977 5. Violent Men; an inquiry into the pychology of violence, Hans Toch 1969 6. Human Aggression, Anthony Storr 19681. Aggression and Violence, social interactionists perspectives. , Richard B. Felson and James T. Tedeschi 1993 2. Sport in Society, Issues and Controversies 6th edition, Jay J. Coakley 1998 3. Anger, Madness, and the Daimaonic; the pyschologists genesis of Violence, evil and creativitiy. Stephen A. Diamond 1996 4. A History of Aggression Freud, Paul E. Stepansky 7. The Creation of Deviance, Interpersonal and organized determinants, Richard Hawkins, Gary Fredman, 1975 8. Power and Innocence, Rollo May 1972 9. Man and Aggression, Ashley Montague 1968 10. Adolescents and their Families , Paths of Ego Development, Stuart T. Hauser, Sally I. Powers, Gil G. Noam 1991